| Ones | Ten and over | 20 and over | 30 and over |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 nil | 10 (un) des | 20 du des | 30 tri des |
| 1 un | 11 des un | 21 du des un | 31 tri des un |
| 2 du | 12 des du | 22 du des du | 32 tri des du |
| 3 tri | 13 des tri | 23 du des tri | 33 tri des tri |
| 4 char | 14 des char | 24 du des char | 34 tri des char |
| 5 pen | 15 des pen | 25 du des pen | 35 tri des pen |
| 6 luk | 16 des luk | 26 du des luk | 36 tri des luk |
| 7 chet | 17 des chet | 27 du des chet | 37 tri des chet |
| 8 bat | 18 des bat | 28 du des bat | 38 tri des bat |
| 9 nau | 19 des nau | 29 du des nau | 39 tri des nau |
| Ones | Tens | Hundreds | Thousands |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 un | 10 (un) des | 100 un cento | 1000 un kilo |
| 2 du | 20 du des | 200 du cento | 2000 du kilo |
| 3 tri | 30 tri des | 300 tri cento | 3000 tri kilo |
| 4 char | 40 char des | 400 char cento | 4000 char kilo |
| 5 pen | 50 pen des | 500 pen cento | 5000 pen kilo |
| 6 luk | 60 luk des | 600 luk cento | 6000 luk kilo |
| 7 chet | 70 chet des | 700 chet cento | 7000 chet kilo |
| 8 bat | 80 bat des | 800 bat cento | 8000 bat kilo |
| 9 nau | 90 nau des | 900 nau cento | 9000 nau kilo |
Greater numbers follow the same logic as above.
10’000 un des kilo
100’000 un cento kilo
1’000’000 un mega
10’000’000 un des mega
100’000’000 un cento mega
1’000’000’000 un kilo mega
The prefixes of the International System of Units
(SI) are used in common language in Pandunia.
It is normal to say, for example:
bat giga hom viva a dunia.
– Eight billion (or milliard) people live on Earth.
| Prefix | Symbol | Base 10 | Decimal |
|---|---|---|---|
| deka | da | 10¹ | 10 |
| heto | h | 10² | 100 |
| kilo | k | 10³ | 1’000 |
| mega | M | 10⁶ | 1’000’000 |
| giga | G | 10⁹ | 1’000’000’000 |
| tera | T | 10¹² | 1’000’000’000’000 |
| peta | P | 10¹⁵ | 1’000’000’000’000’000 |
| exa | E | 10¹⁸ | 1’000’000’000’000’000’000 |
| zeta | Z | 10²¹ | 1’000’000’000’000’000’000’000 |
| yota | Y | 10²⁴ | 1’000’000’000’000’000’000’000’000 |
Quantity can be expressed with numerals and other quantity-words. They are put before the word or phrase that they qualify.
un sing
– one star
du sing
– two stars
tri sing
– three stars
kam sing
– few stars
multi sing
– many stars
un dayi korse
– one big chair
du dayi korse
– two big chairs
tri dayi korse
– three big chairs
Ordinal numbers are similar to cardinal numbers but they are placed after the noun that they modify.
parte un
– part one (the first part)
parte du
– part two (the second part)
parte tri
– part three (the third part)
The classifier of measurement or a measure word is a word that occurs between a numeral and a noun. It indicates how the referent of the noun is measured, contained or packaged. Classifiers of measurement is an open class of words, which includes, among many others, litre ‘liter’, metre ‘meter’, botle ‘bottle’, kupe ‘cup, mug’, pake ‘package’, pote ‘pot’, sake ‘bag, sack’, tin ‘can, tin’ tong ‘cask, barrel’.
Measure words are used in this simple structure: number + measure word + di + noun.
du litre di jus
– two liters of juice
tri metre di kable
– three meters of wire
un kupa di kafe
– a cup of cofee
du botle di vin
– two bottles of wine
tri sake di patato
– three sacks of potatoes
char tin di limon jus
– four cans of lemonade
Fractions are formed with the help of the word parte ‘part’.
Fractions can be interpreted in two ways. Firstly, the word parte can be interpreted as a classifier of measurement. Then, for example, du parte tri is interpreted as ‘two parts of three (parts)’. Secondly, the last numeral can be understood as an ordinal number that modifies parte. Then, for example, du parte tri is interpreted as ‘two thirds’. Both interpretations lead to the same result that du parte tri stands for ‘2/3’ in mathematical symbols.
un parte du
– a half (½)
un parte char
– one fourth, one quarter (¼)
tri parte char
– three fourths, three quarters (¾)
un parte cento
– one hundredth, one percent (1%)
un parte kilo
– one thousandth, one permille (1‰)
Fractions are connected to their noun head with di.
un parte du di haur
– a half (of an) hour
pen des parte cento di jen
– fifty percent of people
du parte tri di keke
– two thirds of a cake
In addition, there is also a longer pattern for forming fractions. It uses the pattern X da Y parte (‘X of Y parts’).
un da du parte
– one of two parts, a half (½)
un da char parte
– one of four parts, a quarter (¼)
tri da char parte
– three of four parts, three quarters (¾)
un da cento parte
– one of hundred parts, a percent (1%)
un da kilo parte
– one of thousand parts, a permille (1‰)
Days of the week are named after celestial bodies according to the historical international system and they include the word den (‘day, 24 hours’).
Names of the months are made up of the number of the month and mes (‘month’) is used.
The date formats use the ordinal number after the noun pattern. The day, month and year ordered from the longest period of time to the shortest, i.e. day first and year last, or vice versa i.e. year first and day last. Month is always in the middle.
nen 2022 mes 9 dien 17 ~ dien 17 mes 9 nen 2002
There are also two short formats without the year.
mes 9 dien 17 ~ dien 17 mes 9
The normal pattern for telling time is haur H e M, where H stands for hours and M stands for minutes. We always use this direct pattern, and we never use words like past and to in Pandunia.
haur tri
– three o’clock
haur tri e nil
– three o’clock sharp
haur tri e pen
– three oh-five – or five past three
haur tri e des
– three ten – or ten past three
haur tri e des pen
– three fifteen – or quarter past three
haur tri e tri des
– three thirty – or half past three
haur tri e for des pen
– three forty-five – or quarter to four
haur tri e pen des
– three fifty – or ten to four
haur tri e pen des pen
– three-fifty-five – or five to four
Normally we use the 24 hour clock to tell the time in Pandunia.
01:00 =
haur un
– one o’clock ~ one hundred hours
01:15 =
haur un e des pen
– one fifteen ~ one hundred fifteen hours
01:30 =
haur un e tri des
– one thirty ~ one hundred thirty hours
13:00 =
haur des tri
– thirteen o’clock ~ thirteen hundred hours
13:15 =
haur des tri e des pen
– thirteen fifteen ~ thirteen hundred fifteen hours
13:30 =
haur des tri e tri des
– thirteen thirty ~ thirteen hundred thirty hours
The 12 hour clock splits the day into two 12 hour sections. One lasts from midnight to noon and the second half lasts from noon to midnight. Hours before noon are called AM (pronounced ah-em), which comes from the phrase ante mide den, which means ‘before midday’. Hours after noon are called PM (pronounced peh-em), which comes from the phrase pos mide den, which means ‘after midday’.
Before midday we say:
🕐 =
haur un AM
– one AM
🕜 =
haur un e tri des AM
– one thirty AM
🕔 =
haur pen AM
– five AM
🕙 =
haur des AM
– ten AM
After midday we say:
🕐 =
haur un PM
– one PM
🕜 =
haur un e tri des PM
– one thirty PM
🕔 =
haur pen PM
– five PM
🕙 =
haur des PM
– ten PM